Residential Generators

With the affordability of various small portable generators, many people are taking electrical reliability into their own hands. It feels good to know that your home will have power during times which blackout the rest of town. When using these smaller portable generators, there are a few things to consider.

1) What size generator do I need?

That depends on the intended use. You´ll need a generator set with a high enough wattage to handle the amount of items you intend to power from the unit. If you want to power a few items around the house you may use extension cords, whereas complete home power would require a specialized installation.

To determine the size take the items you want to run off the generator and add up their wattage. Often times no wattage will be found on the product information. You can easily figure out the wattage by using the formula "Volts x Amps = Watts ". Items over 1000 watts are commonly referred to in kW or "kilowatts". You must also keep in mind that motorized items have a higher start-up consumption of electricity which is used to start the motor. Compressors and pumps also fall into this category and can use anywhere from 2 to 4 times the running power to start up. The following chart will give a basic idea of the wattage of common household items. To get an exact number, please look on the product itself or call the manufacturer of the item if there are any doubts. Use this method for the whole house or for just a few items and figure the power you´ll need.

2) What is the best method of installation?

There are two commonly used methods of connection. One requires some electrical expertise and should be completed by a licensed electrician. A transfer switch must be installed to prevent generator feedback from causing problems to the entire electrical grid.

There are manual and automatic transfer switches. They should both be installed by professionals to insure safety and reliability. The automatic transfer switch is used more often for essential computing systems, refrigeration, and medical purposes. Both switches will disconnect the commercial power and make the connections for the generator which you have already sized and verified with the generator vendor.

Remember, when it comes to electricity, be very careful. Please do not attempt to handle electrical connections unless you´re a trained professional.

The second installation method is a much easier method and doesn´t require any fancy electrical connections, just good old common sense. Extension cords can be plugged directly in to the generator itself. Most generators will have outlets with various voltages and amperages. Total the items you want to run from the generator and balance the use of those items so you don´t overload the generator.

You will have to figure which items to keep plugged in and share the power among the items plugged in. More important though, make sure you are using the right size extension cords. Certain cords and plugs are rated at higher amperages for larger appliances such as ranges and dryers which usually are plugged into 30amp receptacles in the home. Please check the specifications of the wire to make sure you are using cables which are approved for outdoor use when needed. There are many varieties of cord and various jacket types which offer enhanced weather ability and overall safety. If you have questions, please consult an electrical professional or the product vendor for assistance.

Under no circumstances should you hook up the generator directly into the circuitry of your house without a transfer switch. This creates a situation called "back feeding" and sends power back through the incoming utility lines. This can be very dangerous to utility workers as well as increasing the blackout time or area. The National Electric Code calls for the use of proper transfer equipment to prevent "back feeding".

Also, never use portable generators indoors. Due to the fact they use a fuel source, the exhaust will contain carbon monoxide and can be dangerous do you and your family. Only professionally installed generators with excellent exhaust systems which re-route the carbon monoxide gas can be suitable for indoor use.